Environmental Law in Mauritius: Between Beauty and Accountability

Mauritius is a nation known for its natural beauty—pristine beaches, lush forests, and unique biodiversity. But as we push forward with development and economic growth, how do we strike a balance between progress and preservation?

Environmental law in Mauritius is guided by a mix of statutes, regulations, and international commitments. Key frameworks like the Environment Protection Act 2002, the Planning and Development Act, and various sector-specific regulations aim to regulate pollution, manage resources, and hold polluters accountable.

But legal frameworks are only as strong as their enforcement.

We continue to face challenges: Coastal development has raised concerns over restricted beach access and degradation of marine ecosystems. As the sea forms part of our national heritage, there is growing public attention on how commercial activities—particularly along beaches—impact both the environment and community rights.

A recent case at Île aux Bénitiers highlights this tension. Authorities moved to dismantle over 170 unauthorized structures following environmental concerns, including waste management issues and invasive species. The situation drew national focus to the need for better oversight and sustainable tourism practices.

These developments highlight the growing importance of clear, enforceable environmental laws that not only regulate activity but also promote accountability and sustainable practices. Strengthening environmental impact assessments, enhancing public participation in decision-making, and empowering civil society and NGOs to play a more active legal role could improve transparency and environmental stewardship.

Some have even called for the right to a clean and healthy environment to be recognized as a fundamental right in Mauritius—echoing a global shift towards green constitutionalism.

Our environment is not just a resource—it’s part of our identity. The law must continue evolving to protect it.